A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. Reference bjelland, neckelmann and tangen haug bjelland et al, 2001. The aim was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the hads questionnaire. Item bias detection in the hospital anxiety and depression. Depressive symptoms during the previous week are reported on a likert scale ranging from 0 not at all to 3 most of the time. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Effects of anxiety and depression measured via the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale cutoff scores for cancer.
It consists of two subscales, anxiety and depression 5. Overall, it has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric. Effects of anxiety and depression measured via the hospital. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would facilitate the large task of detection and management of emotional disorder in patients under investigation. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed for patients with somatic illness admitted to the hospital 5 and is often used as a selfrating scale to screen for anxiety and depression symptoms across a wide range of patient and general populations. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. The performance of the had depression subscale was superior, especially when we were screening for major depression only sensitivity 1. Pdf validity of the beck depression inventory, hospital. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, developed by zigmond and snaith 1, is widely used for the assessment and screening of anxiety and depression symptoms in clinical and community populations. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with multiple sclerosis jose luis paisribeiro,1,2 ana martins da silva,3,4 estela.
Development and validation of arabic version of the. Zigmond and snaith created this outcome measure specifically to avoid. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with multiple. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Rates of clinically significant depression, anxiety, and health anxiety were 71%, 40%, and 21%, respectively, with 76% of participants showing clinically significant scores on at least one measure. The main objective of the present study was to test the hospital anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads introduction. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is officially distributed by mapi research trust.
Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young. The publication of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in 1983 1 triggered off a large number of significant research studies. Aug 28, 2020 the hospital anxiety and depression scale gave them a quick, concise way to determine if their patient needs special considerations in their medical treatment and mental health treatments as well. Request pdf on jul 1, 2011, franz petermann published hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hadsd find, read. Psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and. The hads is a selfadministered measure with 14 items in total that ask the client to. Background to investigate the psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and 10. Even the anxiety subscale alone performed satisfactorily. It seems to be a useful tool for the scrutiny of mood disorders in portuguese patients with ms. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not.
The recipient of the questionnaire is asked to complete it based on how they have felt in the past week. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression.
There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. Hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche version. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in older patients with major depression. Request pdf on jul 1, 2011, franz petermann published hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hadsd find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The hospital anxiety and depression illness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. Hadsd hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale milly.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale in adolescents twa i depression sub scale. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. A confirmatory factor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Reliability of the turkish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in the people in a large, populationbased study by myketun et al. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. It is suggested a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. Request pdf on apr 1, 2002, andreas hinz and others published hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche versionhadsd find. Psychological distress is a common problem associated with cancer.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the amharic ethiopian language version of hads among hiv infected patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads applied to. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. Uk general medical council gmc patient questionnaire.
Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. A selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. Results were compared to the results of the ordinal logistic regression, item response theory, and con. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, respondent version. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given.
They applied ordinal logistic regression, irt, and contingency tables methods to investigate item bias in the anxiety and depression subscales of the hads separately. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. Mcmanus s, meltzer h, brugha t, bebbington p, jenkins r, eds. Introduction the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale. Research article open access a validation study of the.
The questionnaire is also sensitive to disease when. The scale includes two subscales, hadsa and hadsd measur. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale 11. After examining initial drafts by 6 independent translators, an agreed urdu text was given to 6 back. The area under the curve was the best in the total scale of the hads. Anxiety and depression on an acute respiratory ward. The anxiety and depression sub scales each consist of seven items with each item having four possible answers scored 0, 1, 2 or 3. Geriatric depression scale, 15item version gds15 10. The hospital anxiety and depression scale had as a. Jan 25, 2011 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument for evaluating psychological distress from anxiety and depression.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has. The translation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads into urdu was undertaken by the authors in committee. The hads was thereforedesigned to be a brief, 14 item, self. Psychometric properties of the danish hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. It has been translated and validated in many languages, but the existing arabic version was not validated in hospitalized patients. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The identification of anxiety and depressive disorders in tinnitus patients is important from a therapeutic point of view.
Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. After scoring your depression scale and anxiety questions, your doctor may refer you to a mental health provider or suggest that you start psychotherapy. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and measure the severity of both anxiety and depression simultaneously, giving a separate. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads strokengine. Here, we evaluate the 7item depression module hadsd.
The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. The findings of the study suggest that the had scale is more useful for screening for depression than for anxiety disorders in tinnitus patients. Comparison to existing literature suggests depression rates may be. This tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity to detect anxiety and depressive disorders is widely recognized. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale milly abena. But screening for these potential comorbidities in a hospital s accident and emergency department has seldom been undertaken, particularly in saudi arabia and elsewhere in the middle east. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. Request pdf on apr 1, 2002, andreas hinz and others published hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche versionhads d find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche versionhads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to predict and diagnose hospital anxiety and depression. The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas were found for anxiety and depression factors in the community a. We have addressed this question by investigating the screening performance of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had in a consecutive series of tinnitus patients n82 without severe socially disabling hearing loss referred to an audiological clinic.
All three methods were used to detect uniform item bias only. During the interview, participants were screened for current anxiety or depression symptoms using the german version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Reliability and validity of the ethiopian version of the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hadsd. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The hdrs was originally developed for hospital inpatients, thus the emphasis on melancholic and physical symptoms of depression.
Comparison to existing literature suggests depression rates may be elevated in the acute inpatient context. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads german version was used to assess anxiety and depression through 14 items 24, 25. Hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche versionhadsd. Previous studies 2, 3 indicated satisfactory levels of internal con.
Comparing empirically and theoretically derived structures. The hospital anxiety and depression scale has adequate psychometric. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads camcops. To evaluate the effects of preoperative anxiety and depression, measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, on early pain and rom after rotator cuff repair. International experiences with the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a frequently used selfrating scale developed to assess psychological distress in nonpsychiatric patients. Individual anxiety and depression scores are calculated by summation of the appropriate seven items and thus can range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety or depression, respectively. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would facilitate the large. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Please visit proqolideprovide for more information.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. Development and validation of arabic version of the hospital. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Although the scale was designed for completion after an unstructured clinical interview, there are now semistructured interview guides available. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and. Oct 12, 2015 background depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric comorbidities that are known to have a negative impact on a patients general prognosis. The hads was applied to 716 pregnant women between and 46 years old m 26.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale was originally developed by zigmond and snaith and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. This preliminary validation study of the iranian version of the hads proved. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression.
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